Duvoglustat HCl
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MedKoo CAT#: 510316

CAS#: 73285-50-4 (HCl)

Description: Duvoglustat, also known as AT2220, 1-Deoxynojirimycin, Moranoline, deoxynojirimycin or DNJ, is a potent and selective alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, most commonly found in mulberry leaves. Duvoglustat is used to suppress the elevation of postprandial hyperglycemia. Duvoglustat acts as an antihyperglycemic agent by slowing the rate of carbohydrate degradation to monosaccharides. Duvoglustat inhibits glucose absorption by suppressing intestinal glucose transport. Duvoglustat accelerates glucose utilization by regulating hepatic glucose metabolism enzymes. Duvoglustat directly regulates expression of hepatic enzymes involved in glucose metabolism.

Chemical Structure

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Duvoglustat HCl
CAS# 73285-50-4 (HCl)
Product data Instruction

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 510316
Name: Duvoglustat HCl
CAS#: 73285-50-4 (HCl)
Chemical Formula: C6H14ClNO4
Exact Mass: 0.00
Molecular Weight: 199.631
Elemental Analysis: C, 36.10; H, 7.07; Cl, 17.76; N, 7.02; O, 32.06

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
10mg USD 350 2 weeks
25mg USD 550 2 weeks
50mg USD 950 2 weeks
100mg USD 1750 2 weeks
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Related CAS #: 19130-96-2 (free base)   73285-50-4 (HCl)    

Synonym: AT2220; AT-2220; AT 2220; Moranoline; Moranolin; DNJ; 1DNJ; NOJ; Duvoglustat hydrochloride; 1-Deoxynojirimycin; 1-Deoxy-Nojirimycin; deoxynojirimycin; Duvoglustat. BAY-h 5595

IUPAC/Chemical Name: (2R,3R,4R,5S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol hydrochloride

InChi Key: ZJIHMALTJRDNQI-VFQQELCFSA-N

InChi Code: InChI=1S/C6H13NO4.ClH/c8-2-3-5(10)6(11)4(9)1-7-3;/h3-11H,1-2H2;1H/t3-,4+,5-,6-;/m1./s1

SMILES Code: O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)NC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O.[H]Cl

Appearance: Solid powder

Purity: >98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition: Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility: Soluble in DMSO, not in water

Shelf Life: >2 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation: This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage: 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code: 2934.99.9001

More Info:   Related CAS# CAS#73285-50-4 (DuvoglustatHCl salt); CAS#19130-96-2 (Duvoglustat free base).      

Product Data:
Product Data
Instruction:
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Biological target: 1-Deoxynojirimycin hydrochloride (Duvoglustat hydrochloride) is a α-glucosidase inhibitor that suppresses postprandial blood glucose and is widely used for diabetes mellitus.
In vitro activity: The primary mammary epithelial cells were seeded into a 6-well plate at the density of 3 × 105/cm2, and the wells were added with DNEM/F12 medium containing 6 μM DNJ. DNJ treatment supplied pAD-LEF-1-mediated LEF-1 overexpression vector that resulted in LEF-1 overexpression that could synergistically display a remarkable effect on increasing the primary mammary epithelial cell density (Figures 2(a) and 2(c)). In addition, DNJ displayed a similar function in alleviating the growth suppression of epithelial cell and the decrease of LEF-1 mRNA level resulting from lentiviral-mediated LEF-1 knockdown. In conclusion, DNJ could improve breast epithelial cell growth through upregulating LEF-1 expression, which supplied a new means in studying mammary gland growth and development. Reference: Biomed Res Int. 2018 Feb 19;2018:7809512. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29670907/
In vivo activity: The present study investigated the effect of 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) on liver injury and hepatic glucose metabolism in db/db mice. Mice were divided into five groups: normal control, db/db control, DNJ-20 (DNJ 20 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)), DNJ-40 (DNJ 40 mg·kg(1)·day(-1)) and DNJ-80 (DNJ 80 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)). DNJ treatment remarkably reduced serum levels of TG (triglyceride), TC (total cholesterol) and LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ) in a dose-dependent manner. Liver lipid content and lipid droplet size were significantly attenuated by DNJ treatment in a dose-dependent manner. DNJ treatment also notably decreased the levels of TNFα, IL-1, and IL-6 in liver tissue in a dose-dependent manner when compared with the db/db control group. Moreover, DNJ increased the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) on p85, protein kinase B (PKB) on Ser473, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) on Ser9, and inhibited phosphorylation of glycogen synthase (GS) on Ser645 in liver tissue of db/db mice. These results demonstrate that DNJ can increase hepatic insulin sensitivity via strengthening of the insulin-stimulated PKB/GSK-3β signal pathway and by modulating glucose metabolic enzymes in db/db mice. Reference: Molecules. 2016 Feb 27;21(3):279. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26927057/

Solubility Data

Solvent Max Conc. mg/mL Max Conc. mM
Solubility
DMSO 10.0 50.09

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 199.63 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol: 1. Li AN, Chen JJ, Li QQ, Zeng GY, Chen QY, Chen JL, Liao ZM, Jin P, Wang KS, Yang ZC. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor 1Deoxynojirimycin promotes beige remodeling of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes via activating AMPK. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2019 Feb 19;509(4):1001-1007. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.01.023. Epub 2019 Jan 14. PMID: 30654939. 2. Ji S, Liu M, Zhang Y, Zhang H. Improvement Activity of 1-Deoxynojirimycin in the Growth of Dairy Goat Primary Mammary Epithelial Cell through Upregulating LEF-1 Expression. Biomed Res Int. 2018 Feb 19;2018:7809512. doi: 10.1155/2018/7809512. PMID: 29670907; PMCID: PMC5836298. 3. . Liu Q, Li X, Li C, Zheng Y, Wang F, Li H, Peng G. 1-Deoxynojirimycin Alleviates Liver Injury and Improves Hepatic Glucose Metabolism in db/db Mice. Molecules. 2016 Feb 27;21(3):279. doi: 10.3390/molecules21030279. PMID: 26927057; PMCID: PMC6274115. 4. E S, Yamamoto K, Sakamoto Y, Mizowaki Y, Iwagaki Y, Kimura T, Nakagawa K, Miyazawa T, Tsuduki T. Intake of mulberry 1deoxynojirimycin prevents colorectal cancer in mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2017 Jul;61(1):47-52. doi: 10.3164/jcbn.16-94. Epub 2017 May 16. PMID: 28751809; PMCID: PMC5525018.
In vitro protocol: 1. Li AN, Chen JJ, Li QQ, Zeng GY, Chen QY, Chen JL, Liao ZM, Jin P, Wang KS, Yang ZC. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor 1Deoxynojirimycin promotes beige remodeling of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes via activating AMPK. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2019 Feb 19;509(4):1001-1007. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.01.023. Epub 2019 Jan 14. PMID: 30654939. 2. Ji S, Liu M, Zhang Y, Zhang H. Improvement Activity of 1-Deoxynojirimycin in the Growth of Dairy Goat Primary Mammary Epithelial Cell through Upregulating LEF-1 Expression. Biomed Res Int. 2018 Feb 19;2018:7809512. doi: 10.1155/2018/7809512. PMID: 29670907; PMCID: PMC5836298.
In vivo protocol: 1. Liu Q, Li X, Li C, Zheng Y, Wang F, Li H, Peng G. 1-Deoxynojirimycin Alleviates Liver Injury and Improves Hepatic Glucose Metabolism in db/db Mice. Molecules. 2016 Feb 27;21(3):279. doi: 10.3390/molecules21030279. PMID: 26927057; PMCID: PMC6274115. 2. E S, Yamamoto K, Sakamoto Y, Mizowaki Y, Iwagaki Y, Kimura T, Nakagawa K, Miyazawa T, Tsuduki T. Intake of mulberry 1deoxynojirimycin prevents colorectal cancer in mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2017 Jul;61(1):47-52. doi: 10.3164/jcbn.16-94. Epub 2017 May 16. PMID: 28751809; PMCID: PMC5525018.

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1: Liu Q, Li X, Li C, Zheng Y, Peng G. 1-Deoxynojirimycin Alleviates Insulin Resistance via Activation of Insulin Signaling PI3K/AKT Pathway in Skeletal Muscle of db/db Mice. Molecules. 2015 Dec 4;20(12):21700-14. doi: 10.3390/molecules201219794. PubMed PMID: 26690098.

2: Chen GH, Tong JJ, Wang F, Hu XQ, Li XW, Tao F, Wei ZJ. Chronic adjunction of 1-deoxynojirimycin protects from age-related behavioral and biochemical changes in the SAMP8 mice. Age (Dordr). 2015 Oct;37(5):102. doi: 10.1007/s11357-015-9839-0. Epub 2015 Sep 23. PubMed PMID: 26400487.

3: Deng MJ, Lin XD, Lin QT, Wen DF, Zhang ML, Wang XQ, Gao HC, Xu JP. A 1H-NMR Based Study on Hemolymph Metabolomics in Eri Silkworm after Oral Administration of 1-Deoxynojirimycin. PLoS One. 2015 Jul 6;10(7):e0131696. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131696. eCollection 2015. PubMed PMID: 26148185; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4492494.

4: Xu B, Zhang DY, Liu ZY, Zhang Y, Liu L, Li L, Liu CC, Wu GH. Rapid determination of 1-deoxynojirimycin in Morus alba L. leaves by direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2015 Oct 10;114:447-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.06.010. Epub 2015 Jun 20. PubMed PMID: 26133103.

5: Wang GQ, Zhu L, Ma ML, Chen XC, Gao Y, Yu TY, Yang GS, Pang WJ. Mulberry 1-Deoxynojirimycin Inhibits Adipogenesis by Repression of the ERK/PPARγ Signaling Pathway in Porcine Intramuscular Adipocytes. J Agric Food Chem. 2015 Jul 15;63(27):6212-20. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01680. Epub 2015 Jun 25. PubMed PMID: 26075699.

6: Jiang P, Mu S, Li H, Li Y, Feng C, Jin JM, Tang SY. Design and application of a novel high-throughput screening technique for 1-deoxynojirimycin. Sci Rep. 2015 Feb 24;5:8563. doi: 10.1038/srep08563. PubMed PMID: 25708517; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4338435.

7: Do HJ, Chung JH, Hwang JW, Kim OY, Lee JY, Shin MJ. 1-deoxynojirimycin isolated from Bacillus subtilis improves hepatic lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in high-fat-fed mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 2015 Jan;75:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.11.001. Epub 2014 Nov 10. PubMed PMID: 25445511.

8: Aguilar AL, Escribano J, Wentworth P Jr, Butters TD. Synthetic 1-deoxynojirimycin N-substituted peptides offer prolonged disruption to N-linked glycan processing. ChemMedChem. 2014 Dec;9(12):2809-13. doi: 10.1002/cmdc.201402186. Epub 2014 Oct 28. PubMed PMID: 25352425.

9: Jiang YG, Wang CY, Jin C, Jia JQ, Guo X, Zhang GZ, Gui ZZ. Improved 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) production in mulberry leaves fermented by microorganism. Braz J Microbiol. 2014 Aug 29;45(2):721-9. eCollection 2014. PubMed PMID: 25242964; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4166305.

10: Huang SS, Yan YH, Ko CH, Chen KM, Lee SC, Liu CT. A Comparison of Food-grade Folium mori ( Sāng Yè) Extract and 1-Deoxynojirimycin for Glycemic Control and Renal Function in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats. J Tradit Complement Med. 2014 Jul;4(3):162-70. doi: 10.4103/2225-4110.131639. PubMed PMID: 25161921; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4142454.

11: Wang T, Li CQ, Zhang H, Li JW. Response surface optimized extraction of 1-deoxynojirimycin from mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) and preparative separation with resins. Molecules. 2014 May 30;19(6):7040-56. doi: 10.3390/molecules19067040. PubMed PMID: 24886934.

12: E S, Kijima R, Honma T, Yamamoto K, Hatakeyama Y, Kitano Y, Kimura T, Nakagawa K, Miyazawa T, Tsuduki T. 1-Deoxynojirimycin attenuates high glucose-accelerated senescence in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Exp Gerontol. 2014 Jul;55:63-9. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.03.025. Epub 2014 Apr 5. PubMed PMID: 24709343.

13: Cipolla L, Sgambato A, Forcella M, Fusi P, Parenti P, Cardona F, Bini D. N-Bridged 1-deoxynojirimycin dimers as selective insect trehalase inhibitors. Carbohydr Res. 2014 May 7;389:46-9. doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.12.025. Epub 2014 Jan 30. PubMed PMID: 24680508.

14: Chan KC, Lin MC, Huang CN, Chang WC, Wang CJ. Mulberry 1-deoxynojirimycin pleiotropically inhibits glucose-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cell migration by activation of AMPK/RhoB and down-regulation of FAK. J Agric Food Chem. 2013 Oct 16;61(41):9867-75. doi: 10.1021/jf403636z. Epub 2013 Oct 2. PubMed PMID: 24050301.

15: Lee SM, Do HJ, Shin MJ, Seong SI, Hwang KY, Lee JY, Kwon O, Jin T, Chung JH. 1-Deoxynojirimycin isolated from a Bacillus subtilis stimulates adiponectin and GLUT4 expressions in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2013 May;23(5):637-43. PubMed PMID: 23648852.

16: Tsuduki T, Kikuchi I, Kimura T, Nakagawa K, Miyazawa T. Intake of mulberry 1-deoxynojirimycin prevents diet-induced obesity through increases in adiponectin in mice. Food Chem. 2013 Aug 15;139(1-4):16-23. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.02.025. Epub 2013 Feb 20. PubMed PMID: 23561072.

17: Li YG, Ji DF, Zhong S, Lin TB, Lv ZQ, Hu GY, Wang X. 1-deoxynojirimycin inhibits glucose absorption and accelerates glucose metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1377. doi: 10.1038/srep01377. PubMed PMID: 23536174; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3610135.

18: Vichasilp C, Nakagawa K, Sookwong P, Higuchi O, Kimura F, Miyazawa T. A novel gelatin crosslinking method retards release of mulberry 1-deoxynojirimycin providing a prolonged hypoglycaemic effect. Food Chem. 2012 Oct 15;134(4):1823-30. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.03.086. Epub 2012 Mar 30. PubMed PMID: 23442626.

19: Seo MJ, Nam YD, Lee SY, Park SL, Yi SH, Lim SI. Isolation of the putative biosynthetic gene cluster of 1-deoxynojirimycin by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 140N, its production and application to the fermentation of soybean paste. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2013;77(2):398-401. Epub 2013 Feb 7. PubMed PMID: 23391926.

20: Onose S, Ikeda R, Nakagawa K, Kimura T, Yamagishi K, Higuchi O, Miyazawa T. Production of the α-glycosidase inhibitor 1-deoxynojirimycin from Bacillus species. Food Chem. 2013 May 1;138(1):516-23. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.012. Epub 2012 Nov 15. PubMed PMID: 23265519.