Danusertib
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MedKoo CAT#: 200846

CAS#: 827318-97-8

Description: Danusertib, also known as PHA-739358, is a small-molecule 3-aminopyrazole derivative with potential antineoplastic activity. Aurora kinase inhibitor PHA-739358 binds to and inhibits the Aurora kinases, which may result in cell growth arrest and apoptosis in tumor cells in which Aurora kinases are overexpressed. This agent may preferentially bind to and inhibit Aurora B kinase. Aurora kinases, a family of serine-threonine kinases, are important regulators of cellular proliferation and division.


Chemical Structure

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Danusertib
CAS# 827318-97-8

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 200846
Name: Danusertib
CAS#: 827318-97-8
Chemical Formula: C26H30N6O3
Exact Mass: 474.24
Molecular Weight: 474.550
Elemental Analysis: C, 65.80; H, 6.37; N, 17.71; O, 10.11

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
10mg USD 250 2 Weeks
25mg USD 450 2 Weeks
50mg USD 750 2 Weeks
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Synonym: PHA739358; PHA-739358; PHA 739358; Danusertib.

IUPAC/Chemical Name: (R)-N-(5-(2-methoxy-2-phenylacetyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazol-3-yl)-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)benzamide

InChi Key: XKFTZKGMDDZMJI-HSZRJFAPSA-N

InChi Code: InChI=1S/C26H30N6O3/c1-30-12-14-31(15-13-30)20-10-8-19(9-11-20)25(33)27-24-21-16-32(17-22(21)28-29-24)26(34)23(35-2)18-6-4-3-5-7-18/h3-11,23H,12-17H2,1-2H3,(H2,27,28,29,33)/t23-/m1/s1

SMILES Code: O=C(NC1=NNC2=C1CN(C([C@H](OC)C3=CC=CC=C3)=O)C2)C4=CC=C(N5CCN(C)CC5)C=C4

Appearance: Solid powder

Purity: >98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition: Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility: Soluble in DMSO, not in water

Shelf Life: >5 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation: This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage: 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code: 2934.99.9001

More Info: PHA-739358 exhibits inhibitory activity against all known Aurora kinases as well as other cancer-relevant kinases such as the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase, including its multidrug-resistant T315I mutant. This mutation is responsible for up to 25% of all clinically observed resistances in CML patients undergoing Imatinib therapy. However, this particular mutation is predicted to play an even more important clinical role in the future, since in addition to Imatinib, it also confers resistance to second-generation Bcr-Abl inhibitors such as Nilotinib, Dasatinib, and Bosutinib. Therefore, combined Aurora and Bcr-Abl inhibition (the latter including high-grade resistance conferring mutations) with compounds such as Danusertib represents a promising new strategy for treatment of Bcr-Abl positive leukemias, especially those in second and third line of treatment. see http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20072840.      

Product Data:
Biological target: Danusertib is a pyrrolo-pyrazole and aurora kinase inhibitor with IC50 of 13, 79, and 61 nM for Aurora A, B, and C, respectively.
In vitro activity: After finding that danusertib had a marked inducing effect on cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase in AGS and NCI-N78 cells, the expression level of key regulators responsible for G2 to M phase checkpoint was futher examined using the Western blotting assay to explore the possible mechanisms for danusertib-induced cell cycle arrest in both cell lines. As shown in Figure 4A and B, treatment with danusertib significantly inhibited expression of positive regulators but enhanced the negative regulators responsible for the G2 to M phase transition. Incubating AGS cells with danusertib 0.1 and 0.5 μM for 24 hours led to a 31% and 46% decrease in CDC2 expression and to a 51% and 53% reduction in cyclin B1 expression, respectively (Figure 4A and B). Similarly, treating NCI-N78 cells with 0.5 μM danusertib resulted in a 45% decrease in expression of CDC2. There was also a 75% and 70% reduction in expression of cyclin B1 when NCI-N78 cells were treated with danusertib 0.1 and 0.5 μM for 24 hours, respectively (Figure 4A and B). Reference: Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015; 9: 1293–1318. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4354435/
In vivo activity: Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with danusertib at a dose of 2 × 15 mg/kg/d decreased growth of BON1 and QGP xenografts (Fig. 3A and B). BON1 tumor growth was significantly inhibited from day 4 (P < 0.001) until the end of the experiment (P < 0.001). The mean absolute tumor volume was reduced by 88.2%, and the mean percental tumor growth was also reduced by 88.2%, compared with vehicle-treated controls (Fig. 3A, Table 2). In mice with QGP xenografts, treatment with danusertib led to a virtual shrinkage of QGP tumors from day 4 (P < 0.001), until the end of the experiment (P < 0.001). The final tumor volume was only 6.3 ± 8.2% of the original tumor volume (Fig. 3B, Table 2). Mean absolute and percental tumor growth in danusertib-treated mice was reduced by 98.4% and 98.6%, respectively, compared with vehicle-treated controls. When compared with treatment with streptozotocine/5fluoruracil (STZ/5-FU), which is a frequently used cytostatic therapy for GEP-NETs, the antiproliferative effect of danusertib was significantly higher from day 12 (P < 0.001), in both BON1 and QGP tumors (Fig. 3A and B, Table 2). Additionally, CgA levels were significantly lower in danusertib-treated animals (12.0 ± 12.4 nmol/L) compared with vehicle-treated controls (P < 0.001, n = 9) and mice treated with STZ/5-FU (32.0 ± 12.9 nmol/L, P < 0.05, n = 6; Fig. 3C). Reference: Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Sep 1;18(17):4621-32. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22753592/

Solubility Data

Solvent Max Conc. mg/mL Max Conc. mM
Solubility
DMSO 55.0 115.90

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 474.55 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol: 1. Yuan CX, Zhou ZW, Yang YX, He ZX, Zhang X, Wang D, Yang T, Pan SY, Chen XW, Zhou SF. Danusertib, a potent pan-Aurora kinase and ABL kinase inhibitor, induces cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death and inhibits epithelial to mesenchymal transition involving the PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated signaling pathway in human gastric cancer AGS and NCI-N78 cells. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015 Mar 2;9:1293-318. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S74964. PMID: 25767376; PMCID: PMC4354435. 2. Zi D, Zhou ZW, Yang YJ, Huang L, Zhou ZL, He SM, He ZX, Zhou SF. Danusertib Induces Apoptosis, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Autophagy but Inhibits Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Involving PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Nov 13;16(11):27228-51. doi: 10.3390/ijms161126018. PMID: 26580601; PMCID: PMC4661876. 3. Gavriilidis P, Poutahidis T, Giakoustidis A, Makedou K, Angelopoulou K, Hardas A, Andreani P, Zacharioudaki A, Saridis G, Gargavanis A, Louri E, Antoniadis N, Karampela E, Psychalakis N, Michalopoulos A, Papalois A, Iliadis S, Mudan S, Azoulay D, Giakoustidis D. Targeting hepatocarcinogenesis model in C56BL6 mice with pan-aurora kinase inhibitor Danusertib. J Cancer. 2018 Feb 27;9(5):914-922. doi: 10.7150/jca.22329. PMID: 29581770; PMCID: PMC5868156. 4. Fraedrich K, Schrader J, Ittrich H, Keller G, Gontarewicz A, Matzat V, Kromminga A, Pace A, Moll J, Bläker M, Lohse AW, Hörsch D, Brümmendorf TH, Benten D. Targeting aurora kinases with danusertib (PHA-739358) inhibits growth of liver metastases from gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in an orthotopic xenograft model. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Sep 1;18(17):4621-32. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-2968. Epub 2012 Jul 2. PMID: 22753592.
In vitro protocol: 1. Yuan CX, Zhou ZW, Yang YX, He ZX, Zhang X, Wang D, Yang T, Pan SY, Chen XW, Zhou SF. Danusertib, a potent pan-Aurora kinase and ABL kinase inhibitor, induces cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death and inhibits epithelial to mesenchymal transition involving the PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated signaling pathway in human gastric cancer AGS and NCI-N78 cells. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015 Mar 2;9:1293-318. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S74964. PMID: 25767376; PMCID: PMC4354435. 2. Zi D, Zhou ZW, Yang YJ, Huang L, Zhou ZL, He SM, He ZX, Zhou SF. Danusertib Induces Apoptosis, Cell Cycle Arrest, and Autophagy but Inhibits Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Involving PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2015 Nov 13;16(11):27228-51. doi: 10.3390/ijms161126018. PMID: 26580601; PMCID: PMC4661876.
In vivo protocol: 1. Gavriilidis P, Poutahidis T, Giakoustidis A, Makedou K, Angelopoulou K, Hardas A, Andreani P, Zacharioudaki A, Saridis G, Gargavanis A, Louri E, Antoniadis N, Karampela E, Psychalakis N, Michalopoulos A, Papalois A, Iliadis S, Mudan S, Azoulay D, Giakoustidis D. Targeting hepatocarcinogenesis model in C56BL6 mice with pan-aurora kinase inhibitor Danusertib. J Cancer. 2018 Feb 27;9(5):914-922. doi: 10.7150/jca.22329. PMID: 29581770; PMCID: PMC5868156. 2. Fraedrich K, Schrader J, Ittrich H, Keller G, Gontarewicz A, Matzat V, Kromminga A, Pace A, Moll J, Bläker M, Lohse AW, Hörsch D, Brümmendorf TH, Benten D. Targeting aurora kinases with danusertib (PHA-739358) inhibits growth of liver metastases from gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in an orthotopic xenograft model. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Sep 1;18(17):4621-32. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-2968. Epub 2012 Jul 2. PMID: 22753592.

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1: Borthakur G, Dombret H, Schafhausen P, Brummendorf TH, Boissel N, Jabbour E, Mariani M, Capolongo L, Carpinelli P, Davite C, Kantarjian H, Cortes JE. A phase I study of danusertib (PHA-739358) in adult patients with accelerated or blastic phase chronic myeloid leukemia and Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia resistant or intolerant to imatinib and/or other second generation c-ABL therapy. Haematologica. 2015 Jul;100(7):898-904. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2014.115279. Epub 2015 Apr 17. PubMed PMID: 25887498; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4486224.

2: Telford BJ, Chen A, Beetham H, Frick J, Brew TP, Gould CM, Single A, Godwin T, Simpson KJ, Guilford P. Synthetic Lethal Screens Identify Vulnerabilities in GPCR Signaling and Cytoskeletal Organization in E-Cadherin-Deficient Cells. Mol Cancer Ther. 2015 May;14(5):1213-23. doi: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-14-1092. Epub 2015 Mar 16. PubMed PMID: 25777964.

3: Yuan CX, Zhou ZW, Yang YX, He ZX, Zhang X, Wang D, Yang T, Pan SY, Chen XW, Zhou SF. Danusertib, a potent pan-Aurora kinase and ABL kinase inhibitor, induces cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death and inhibits epithelial to mesenchymal transition involving the PI3K/Akt/mTOR-mediated signaling pathway in human gastric cancer AGS and NCI-N78 cells. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015 Mar 2;9:1293-318. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S74964. eCollection 2015. PubMed PMID: 25767376; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4354435.

4: Li JP, Yang YX, Liu QL, Zhou ZW, Pan ST, He ZX, Zhang X, Yang T, Pan SY, Duan W, He SM, Chen XW, Qiu JX, Zhou SF. The pan-inhibitor of Aurora kinases danusertib induces apoptosis and autophagy and suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human breast cancer cells. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2015 Feb 17;9:1027-62. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S74412. eCollection 2015. PubMed PMID: 25733818; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4338784.

5: Hole S, Pedersen AM, Lykkesfeldt AE, Yde CW. Aurora kinase A and B as new treatment targets in aromatase inhibitor-resistant breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2015 Feb;149(3):715-26. doi: 10.1007/s10549-015-3284-8. Epub 2015 Feb 10. PubMed PMID: 25667100.

6: Schöffski P, Besse B, Gauler T, de Jonge MJ, Scambia G, Santoro A, Davite C, Jannuzzo MG, Petroccione A, Delord JP. Efficacy and safety of biweekly i.v. administrations of the Aurora kinase inhibitor danusertib hydrochloride in independent cohorts of patients with advanced or metastatic breast, ovarian, colorectal, pancreatic, small-cell and non-small-cell lung cancer: a multi-tumour, multi-institutional phase II study. Ann Oncol. 2015 Mar;26(3):598-607. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdu566. Epub 2014 Dec 8. PubMed PMID: 25488684.

7: Illert AL, Seitz AK, Rummelt C, Kreutmair S, Engh RA, Goodstal S, Peschel C, Duyster J, von Bubnoff N. Inhibition of Aurora kinase B is important for biologic activity of the dual inhibitors of BCR-ABL and Aurora kinases R763/AS703569 and PHA-739358 in BCR-ABL transformed cells. PLoS One. 2014 Nov 26;9(11):e112318. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112318. eCollection 2014. PubMed PMID: 25426931; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4245092.

8: Diculescu VC, Enache TA. Electrochemical evaluation of Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase 1 activity and inhibition by imatinib mesylate and danusertib. Anal Chim Acta. 2014 Oct 3;845:23-9. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.06.025. Epub 2014 Jun 17. PubMed PMID: 25201268.

9: Cheung CH, Sarvagalla S, Lee JY, Huang YC, Coumar MS. Aurora kinase inhibitor patents and agents in clinical testing: an update (2011 - 2013). Expert Opin Ther Pat. 2014 Sep;24(9):1021-38. doi: 10.1517/13543776.2014.931374. Epub 2014 Jun 26. Review. PubMed PMID: 24965505.

10: Zhang Q, Descamps O, Hart MJ, Poksay KS, Spilman P, Kane DJ, Gorostiza O, John V, Bredesen DE. Paradoxical effect of TrkA inhibition in Alzheimer's disease models. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;40(3):605-17. doi: 10.3233/JAD-130017. PubMed PMID: 24531152; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4091737.

11: Catucci G, Occhipinti A, Maffei M, Gilardi G, Sadeghi SJ. Effect of human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 polymorphism on the metabolism of aurora kinase inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci. 2013 Jan 28;14(2):2707-16. doi: 10.3390/ijms14022707. PubMed PMID: 23358255; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3588010.

12: Xie L, Meyskens FL Jr. The pan-Aurora kinase inhibitor, PHA-739358, induces apoptosis and inhibits migration in melanoma cell lines. Melanoma Res. 2013 Apr;23(2):102-13. doi: 10.1097/CMR.0b013e32835df5e4. PubMed PMID: 23344158; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4077197.

13: Winter GE, Rix U, Carlson SM, Gleixner KV, Grebien F, Gridling M, Müller AC, Breitwieser FP, Bilban M, Colinge J, Valent P, Bennett KL, White FM, Superti-Furga G. Systems-pharmacology dissection of a drug synergy in imatinib-resistant CML. Nat Chem Biol. 2012 Nov;8(11):905-12. doi: 10.1038/nchembio.1085. Epub 2012 Sep 30. PubMed PMID: 23023260; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4038039.

14: Meulenbeld HJ, Bleuse JP, Vinci EM, Raymond E, Vitali G, Santoro A, Dogliotti L, Berardi R, Cappuzzo F, Tagawa ST, Sternberg CN, Jannuzzo MG, Mariani M, Petroccione A, de Wit R. Randomized phase II study of danusertib in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer after docetaxel failure. BJU Int. 2013 Jan;111(1):44-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11404.x. Epub 2012 Aug 29. PubMed PMID: 22928785.

15: Ochiana SO, Pandarinath V, Wang Z, Kapoor R, Ondrechen MJ, Ruben L, Pollastri MP. The human Aurora kinase inhibitor danusertib is a lead compound for anti-trypanosomal drug discovery via target repurposing. Eur J Med Chem. 2013 Apr;62:777-84. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.07.038. Epub 2012 Jul 31. PubMed PMID: 22889561; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3516633.

16: Fraedrich K, Schrader J, Ittrich H, Keller G, Gontarewicz A, Matzat V, Kromminga A, Pace A, Moll J, Bläker M, Lohse AW, Hörsch D, Brümmendorf TH, Benten D. Targeting aurora kinases with danusertib (PHA-739358) inhibits growth of liver metastases from gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in an orthotopic xenograft model. Clin Cancer Res. 2012 Sep 1;18(17):4621-32. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-2968. Epub 2012 Jul 2. PubMed PMID: 22753592.

17: Fei F, Lim M, Schmidhuber S, Moll J, Groffen J, Heisterkamp N. Treatment of human pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia with the Aurora kinase inhibitor PHA-739358 (Danusertib). Mol Cancer. 2012 Jun 21;11:42. doi: 10.1186/1476-4598-11-42. PubMed PMID: 22721004; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3489684.

18: Zhang Y, Zhang B, Feng WH, Li YY, Cao XC. [Molecular mechanism of Aurora kinase inhibitor PHA739358 in inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2012 Jan 3;92(1):45-9. Chinese. PubMed PMID: 22490658.

19: Meulenbeld HJ, Mathijssen RH, Verweij J, de Wit R, de Jonge MJ. Danusertib, an aurora kinase inhibitor. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2012 Mar;21(3):383-93. doi: 10.1517/13543784.2012.652303. Epub 2012 Jan 13. Review. PubMed PMID: 22242557.

20: Catucci G, Gilardi G, Jeuken L, Sadeghi SJ. In vitro drug metabolism by C-terminally truncated human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012 Feb 15;83(4):551-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.11.029. Epub 2011 Dec 8. PubMed PMID: 22177984.