Piperoxan HCl
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MedKoo CAT#: 329521

CAS#: 135-87-5 (HCl)

Description: Piperoxan, also known as benodaine, is a drug which was the very first antihistamine to be discovered. This compound, derived from benzodioxan, was prepared in the early 1930s by Daniel Bovet and Ernest Fourneau at the Pasteur Institute in France. Formerly investigated by Fourneau as an α-adrenergic-blocking agent, they demonstrated that it also antagonized histamine-induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs.


Chemical Structure

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Piperoxan HCl
CAS# 135-87-5 (HCl)

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 329521
Name: Piperoxan HCl
CAS#: 135-87-5 (HCl)
Chemical Formula: C14H20ClNO2
Exact Mass: 0.00
Molecular Weight: 269.769
Elemental Analysis: C, 62.33; H, 7.47; Cl, 13.14; N, 5.19; O, 11.86

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
50mg USD 450 2 Weeks
100mg USD 750 2 Weeks
200mg USD 1350 2 Weeks
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Related CAS #: 59-39-2 (free base)   135-87-5 (HCl)    

Synonym: Piperoxan HCl; F 933 hydrochloride; F933; F-933; F 933; Piperoxane hydrochloride; benodaine

IUPAC/Chemical Name: 1-((2,3-Dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-yl)methyl)piperidinium chloride

InChi Key: BITRJBQGQMGGQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChi Code: InChI=1S/C14H19NO2.ClH/c1-4-8-15(9-5-1)10-12-11-16-13-6-2-3-7-14(13)17-12;/h2-3,6-7,12H,1,4-5,8-11H2;1H

SMILES Code: [NH+]1(CC2OC3=CC=CC=C3OC2)CCCCC1.[Cl-]

Appearance: Solid powder

Purity: >98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition: Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility: Soluble in DMSO

Shelf Life: >2 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation: This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage: 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code: 2934.99.9001

More Info: Related CAS# CAS#135-87-5 (HCl) CAS#59-39-2 (free base)

Product Data:
Biological target: Piperoxan (Benodaine) hydrochloride is an α2 adrenoceptor antagonist.
In vitro activity: TBD
In vivo activity: In vivo activity Piperoxane is an alpha 2-noradrenergic antagonist with demonstrated excitatory effects on neurons in the locus coeruleus, causing a corresponding increase in norepinephrine in many forebrain areas. 16 male Fischer-344 rats approximately 16 months of age were injected with 3 mg/kg of piperoxane or .09% saline. The piperoxane-treated rats lived an average of 127.1 days longer than the saline-treated rats. The results are discussed in terms of the effects of strategies designed to enhance brain levels of catecholamine and their effect on the aging process. Reference: Psychol Rep. 1995 Aug;77(1):139-42. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7501752/

Solubility Data

Solvent Max Conc. mg/mL Max Conc. mM
Solubility
DMSO 31.0 114.91
Chloroform 30.0 111.21
PBS (pH 7.2) 10.0 37.07
Water 50.0 185.34

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 269.77 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol: 1. Compton DM, Dietrich KL, Smith JS. Influence of the alpha 2 noradrenergic antagonist piperoxane on longevity in the Fischer-344 rat: a preliminary report. Psychol Rep. 1995 Aug;77(1):139-42. doi: 10.2466/pr0.1995.77.1.139. PMID: 7501752. 2. Vachette C, Debure L, Rousset C, Pujol JF, Renaud B. Relationship between tyrosine hydroxylase content and noradrenergic cell reactivity to piperoxane: an in vivo voltammetric approach in the rat locus coeruleus. Eur J Neurosci. 1994 Mar 1;6(3):364-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1994.tb00279.x. PMID: 7912615.
In vitro protocol: TBD
In vivo protocol: 1. Compton DM, Dietrich KL, Smith JS. Influence of the alpha 2 noradrenergic antagonist piperoxane on longevity in the Fischer-344 rat: a preliminary report. Psychol Rep. 1995 Aug;77(1):139-42. doi: 10.2466/pr0.1995.77.1.139. PMID: 7501752. 2. Vachette C, Debure L, Rousset C, Pujol JF, Renaud B. Relationship between tyrosine hydroxylase content and noradrenergic cell reactivity to piperoxane: an in vivo voltammetric approach in the rat locus coeruleus. Eur J Neurosci. 1994 Mar 1;6(3):364-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1994.tb00279.x. PMID: 7912615.

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1: Stalcup AM, Sutton RM, Painuly P, Rodrigo JV, Gratz SR, Yanes EG. Continuous free flow electrophoresis for preparative chiral separations of piperoxan using sulfated beta-cyclodextrin. Analyst. 2000 Oct;125(10):1719-24. PubMed PMID: 11070539.

2: Scullion GA, Kendall DA, Marsden CA, Sunter D, Pardon MC. Chronic treatment with the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist fluparoxan prevents age-related deficits in spatial working memory in APP×PS1 transgenic mice without altering β-amyloid plaque load or astrocytosis. Neuropharmacology. 2011 Feb-Mar;60(2-3):223-34. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.09.002. PubMed PMID: 20850464.

3: La Marca S, Dunn RW. The alpha-2 antagonists idazoxan and rauwolscine but not yohimbine or piperoxan are anxiolytic in the Vogel lick-shock conflict paradigm following intravenous administration. Life Sci. 1994;54(10):PL179-84. PubMed PMID: 7906377.

4: Thome BM, Ivory CF. Development of a segmented model for a continuous electrophoretic moving bed enantiomer separation. Biotechnol Prog. 2003 Nov-Dec;19(6):1703-12. PubMed PMID: 14656145.

5: Laubie M, Schmitt H. Brainstem mechanisms in the modulation of the sympathetic baroreflex by piperoxan. Eur J Pharmacol. 1988 Mar 29;148(2):143-51. PubMed PMID: 3378569.

6: Mouillé P, Dabiré H, Fournier B, Schmitt H. [Comparative study of piperoxan and 2-(2-imidazolinyl)-1, 4-benzodioxane (170 150) on pre- and postsynaptic receptors in the rat]. J Pharmacol. 1982 Jul-Sep;13(3):389-97. French. PubMed PMID: 6290793.

7: Blakeley AG, Summers RJ. The effects of piperoxan on uptake of noradrenaline and overflow of transmitter in the isolated blood perfused spleen of the cat. Br J Pharmacol. 1978 Aug;63(4):683-7. PubMed PMID: 28808; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC1668122.

8: Gratz SR, Schneiderman E, Mertens TR, Stalcup AM. Use of dyes to investigate migration of the chiral selector in CFFE and the impact on the chiral separations. Anal Chem. 2001 Aug 15;73(16):3999-4005. PubMed PMID: 11534728.

9: McLennan PL, Bentley GA. Effects of prazosin and piperoxan on central cardiovascular actions of St 91 in cats. Eur J Pharmacol. 1982 Dec 17;86(1):19-26. PubMed PMID: 7160431.

10: Strappaghetti G, Brasili L. Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of cyclic and opened thioanalogues of piperoxan. Farmaco Sci. 1986 Oct;41(10):794-800. PubMed PMID: 2878824.

11: MASSON GM, CORCORAN AC, HUMPHREY DC. Diagnostic procedures for pheochromocytoma; technique of assay of urine in rat and demonstration of piperoxan hydrochloride; antidiuresis during normotensive phase. J Am Med Assoc. 1957 Nov 23;165(12):1555-7. PubMed PMID: 13475061.

12: PELNER L. Treatment of local ischemia due to levarterenol (levophed) leakage with piperoxan. J Am Med Assoc. 1957 Oct 5;165(5):444-7. PubMed PMID: 13462810.

13: FREEDMAN BJ. Accidental adrenaline overdosage and its treatment with piperoxan. Lancet. 1955 Sep 17;269(6890):575-8. PubMed PMID: 13252923.

14: FREMONT RE. Hypertensive crisis and severe myocardial ischemia induced by piperoxan, with comments on the differential diagnosis and treatment of hypertensive crisis. Angiology. 1954 Oct;5(5):381-90. PubMed PMID: 13197811.

15: SOFFER A. False positive reaction to the piperoxan hydrochloride test for pheochromocytoma. J Am Med Assoc. 1952 Feb 16;148(7):538-41. PubMed PMID: 14888523.

16: CONLEY JE, JUNKERMAN CL. Lack of specificity of piperoxan hydrochloride test for adrenal medullary tumors. J Am Med Assoc. 1951 Nov 3;147(10):921-3. PubMed PMID: 14873594.

17: CORCORAN AC, LEISER AE. Antidiuretic response to piperoxan as a diagnostic test of pheochromocytoma. J Am Med Assoc. 1956 Oct 6;162(6):540-4. PubMed PMID: 13366631.

18: CORCORAN AC, DUSTAN HP, PAGE IH. Antidiuresis and other renal responses to piperoxan in pheochromocytoma. Circulation. 1956 Aug;14(2):221-6. PubMed PMID: 13356474.

19: Millan MJ, Newman-Tancredi A, Audinot V, Cussac D, Lejeune F, Nicolas JP, Cogé F, Galizzi JP, Boutin JA, Rivet JM, Dekeyne A, Gobert A. Agonist and antagonist actions of yohimbine as compared to fluparoxan at alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors (AR)s, serotonin (5-HT)(1A), 5-HT(1B), 5-HT(1D) and dopamine D(2) and D(3) receptors. Significance for the modulation of frontocortical monoaminergic transmission and depressive states. Synapse. 2000 Feb;35(2):79-95. PubMed PMID: 10611634.

20: Viemari JC, Bévengut M, Coulon P, Hilaire G. Nasal trigeminal inputs release the A5 inhibition received by the respiratory rhythm generator of the mouse neonate. J Neurophysiol. 2004 Feb;91(2):746-58. PubMed PMID: 14561692.