Ganaxolone
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MedKoo CAT#: 326945

CAS#: 38398-32-2

Description: Ganaxolone, also known as CCD 1042 and C1042, is a CNS-selective GABAA modulator that acts on well-characterized targets in the brain known to have anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects. Ganaxolone protects against seizures in diverse animal models, including the pentylenetetrazol, 6 Hz and amygdala kindling models. Ganaxolone is a positive allosteric modulator of the action of the GABAA receptor and, unlike benzodiazepines, there does not appear to be tolerance to the anticonvulsant effects of ganaxolone.


Chemical Structure

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Ganaxolone
CAS# 38398-32-2

Theoretical Analysis

MedKoo Cat#: 326945
Name: Ganaxolone
CAS#: 38398-32-2
Chemical Formula: C22H36O2
Exact Mass: 332.27
Molecular Weight: 332.528
Elemental Analysis: C, 79.46; H, 10.91; O, 9.62

Price and Availability

Size Price Availability Quantity
5mg USD 300
25mg USD 750
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Synonym: Ganaxolone; CCD 1042; CCD-1042; CCD1042; C1042.

IUPAC/Chemical Name: 1-((3R,5S,8R,9S,10S,13S,14S,17S)-3-hydroxy-3,10,13-trimethylhexadecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)ethan-1-one

InChi Key: PGTVWKLGGCQMBR-FLBATMFCSA-N

InChi Code: InChI=1S/C22H36O2/c1-14(23)17-7-8-18-16-6-5-15-13-20(2,24)11-12-21(15,3)19(16)9-10-22(17,18)4/h15-19,24H,5-13H2,1-4H3/t15-,16-,17+,18-,19-,20+,21-,22+/m0/s1

SMILES Code: CC([C@H]1CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CC[C@@]4([H])C[C@](C)(O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C)=O

Appearance: Solid powder

Purity: >98% (or refer to the Certificate of Analysis)

Shipping Condition: Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.

Storage Condition: Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks) or -20 C for long term (months to years).

Solubility: Soluble in DMSO

Shelf Life: >2 years if stored properly

Drug Formulation: This drug may be formulated in DMSO

Stock Solution Storage: 0 - 4 C for short term (days to weeks), or -20 C for long term (months).

HS Tariff Code: 2934.99.9001

More Info:

Product Data:
Biological target: Ganaxolone is a potent positive allosteric modulator of GABAA receptors.
In vitro activity: TBD
In vivo activity: GNX (ganaxolone) treatment significantly reduced the g‐ratio compared to vehicle‐treated rats (Lyso‐Vehicle: n = 3, Lyso‐GNX: n = 3, P < .05, Figure 2C). GNX treatment also led to a significant reduction in the percentage of unmyelinated axons (Figure 2D) and an increase in myelinated axons (Figure 2E) in the vicinity of the demyelination lesion. Reference: CNS Neurosci Ther. 2020 Feb;26(2):240-250. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31332963/

Solubility Data

Solvent Max Conc. mg/mL Max Conc. mM
Solubility
Ethanol 3.8 11.50
DMSO 3.3 10.00

Preparing Stock Solutions

The following data is based on the product molecular weight 332.53 Batch specific molecular weights may vary from batch to batch due to the degree of hydration, which will affect the solvent volumes required to prepare stock solutions.

Recalculate based on batch purity %
Concentration / Solvent Volume / Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.15 mL 5.76 mL 11.51 mL
5 mM 0.23 mL 1.15 mL 2.3 mL
10 mM 0.12 mL 0.58 mL 1.15 mL
50 mM 0.02 mL 0.12 mL 0.23 mL
Formulation protocol: 1. Mouihate A, Kalakh S. Ganaxolone enhances microglial clearance activity and promotes remyelination in focal demyelination in the corpus callosum of ovariectomized rats. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2020 Feb;26(2):240-250. doi: 10.1111/cns.13195. Epub 2019 Jul 22. PMID: 31332963; PMCID: PMC6978248. 2. Kazdoba TM, Hagerman RJ, Zolkowska D, Rogawski MA, Crawley JN. Evaluation of the neuroactive steroid ganaxolone on social and repetitive behaviors in the BTBR mouse model of autism. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2016 Jan;233(2):309-23. doi: 10.1007/s00213-015-4115-7. Epub 2015 Nov 3. PMID: 26525567; PMCID: PMC4703522.
In vitro protocol: TBD
In vivo protocol: 1. Mouihate A, Kalakh S. Ganaxolone enhances microglial clearance activity and promotes remyelination in focal demyelination in the corpus callosum of ovariectomized rats. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2020 Feb;26(2):240-250. doi: 10.1111/cns.13195. Epub 2019 Jul 22. PMID: 31332963; PMCID: PMC6978248. 2. Kazdoba TM, Hagerman RJ, Zolkowska D, Rogawski MA, Crawley JN. Evaluation of the neuroactive steroid ganaxolone on social and repetitive behaviors in the BTBR mouse model of autism. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2016 Jan;233(2):309-23. doi: 10.1007/s00213-015-4115-7. Epub 2015 Nov 3. PMID: 26525567; PMCID: PMC4703522.

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1: Kazdoba TM, Hagerman RJ, Zolkowska D, Rogawski MA, Crawley JN. Evaluation of the neuroactive steroid ganaxolone on social and repetitive behaviors in the BTBR mouse model of autism. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2016 Jan;233(2):309-23. doi: 10.1007/s00213-015-4115-7. Epub 2015 Nov 3. PubMed PMID: 26525567; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4703522.

2: Ramaker MJ, Strong-Kaufman MN, Ford MM, Phillips TJ, Finn DA. Effect of nucleus accumbens shell infusions of ganaxolone or gaboxadol on ethanol consumption in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2015 Apr;232(8):1415-26. doi: 10.1007/s00213-014-3777-x. Epub 2014 Oct 25. PubMed PMID: 25342197; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4412309.

3: Pinna G, Rasmusson AM. Ganaxolone improves behavioral deficits in a mouse model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Front Cell Neurosci. 2014 Sep 11;8:256. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00256. eCollection 2014. PubMed PMID: 25309317; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4161165.

4: Yum MS, Lee M, Ko TS, Velíšek L. A potential effect of ganaxolone in an animal model of infantile spasms. Epilepsy Res. 2014 Nov;108(9):1492-500. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.08.015. Epub 2014 Sep 2. PubMed PMID: 25219352.

5: Paul AM, Branton WG, Walsh JG, Polyak MJ, Lu JQ, Baker GB, Power C. GABA transport and neuroinflammation are coupled in multiple sclerosis: regulation of the GABA transporter-2 by ganaxolone. Neuroscience. 2014 Jul 25;273:24-38. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.04.037. Epub 2014 May 9. PubMed PMID: 24814730.

6: Ramaker MJ, Ford MM, Phillips TJ, Finn DA. Differences in the reinstatement of ethanol seeking with ganaxolone and gaboxadol. Neuroscience. 2014 Jul 11;272:180-7. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.04.065. Epub 2014 May 9. PubMed PMID: 24814021; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4122668.

7: Ramaker MJ, Strong MN, Ford MM, Finn DA. Effect of ganaxolone and THIP on operant and limited-access ethanol self-administration. Neuropharmacology. 2012 Sep;63(4):555-64. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.05.007. Epub 2012 May 18. PubMed PMID: 22613838; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3656651.

8: Ramaker MJ, Ford MM, Fretwell AM, Finn DA. Alteration of ethanol drinking in mice via modulation of the GABA(A) receptor with ganaxolone, finasteride, and gaboxadol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2011 Nov;35(11):1994-2007. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01551.x. Epub 2011 Jun 7. PubMed PMID: 21649668; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3173599.

9: Besheer J, Lindsay TG, O'Buckley TK, Hodge CW, Morrow AL. Pregnenolone and ganaxolone reduce operant ethanol self-administration in alcohol-preferring p rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2010 Dec;34(12):2044-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01300.x. Epub 2010 Oct 14. PubMed PMID: 20946297; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2988984.

10: Reddy DS, Rogawski MA. Ganaxolone suppression of behavioral and electrographic seizures in the mouse amygdala kindling model. Epilepsy Res. 2010 May;89(2-3):254-60. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2010.01.009. Epub 2010 Feb 20. PubMed PMID: 20172694; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2854307.

11: Mares P, Stehlíková M. Anticonvulsant doses of ganaxolone do not compromise motor performance in immature rats. Neurosci Lett. 2010 Jan 29;469(3):396-9. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.12.037. Epub 2009 Dec 22. PubMed PMID: 20026384.

12: Pieribone VA, Tsai J, Soufflet C, Rey E, Shaw K, Giller E, Dulac O. Clinical evaluation of ganaxolone in pediatric and adolescent patients with refractory epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2007 Oct;48(10):1870-4. Epub 2007 Jul 18. PubMed PMID: 17634060.

13: Nohria V, Giller E. Ganaxolone. Neurotherapeutics. 2007 Jan;4(1):102-5. Review. PubMed PMID: 17199022.

14: Robichaud M, Debonnel G. Allopregnanolone and ganaxolone increase the firing activity of dorsal raphe nucleus serotonergic neurons in female rats. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2006 Apr;9(2):191-200. Epub 2005 Sep 21. PubMed PMID: 16174428.

15: Mascia MP, Biggio F, Mancuso L, Cabras S, Cocco PL, Gorini G, Manca A, Marra C, Purdy RH, Follesa P, Biggio G. Changes in GABA(A) receptor gene expression induced by withdrawal of, but not by long-term exposure to, ganaxolone in cultured rat cerebellar granule cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Dec;303(3):1014-20. PubMed PMID: 12438522.

16: Ram K, Lam GN, Chien B. A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of pharmacokinetics of ganaxolone in rat, monkey, dog and human plasma. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2001 Feb 10;751(1):49-59. PubMed PMID: 11232855.

17: Monaghan EP, McAuley JW, Data JL. Ganaxolone: a novel positive allosteric modulator of the GABA(A) receptor complex for the treatment of epilepsy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 1999 Oct;8(10):1663-1671. PubMed PMID: 11139818.

18: Reddy DS, Rogawski MA. Chronic treatment with the neuroactive steroid ganaxolone in the rat induces anticonvulsant tolerance to diazepam but not to itself. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Dec;295(3):1241-8. PubMed PMID: 11082461.

19: Kerrigan JF, Shields WD, Nelson TY, Bluestone DL, Dodson WE, Bourgeois BF, Pellock JM, Morton LD, Monaghan EP. Ganaxolone for treating intractable infantile spasms: a multicenter, open-label, add-on trial. Epilepsy Res. 2000 Dec;42(2-3):133-9. PubMed PMID: 11074186.

20: Laxer K, Blum D, Abou-Khalil BW, Morrell MJ, Lee DA, Data JL, Monaghan EP. Assessment of ganaxolone's anticonvulsant activity using a randomized, double-blind, presurgical trial design. Ganaxolone Presurgical Study Group. Epilepsia. 2000 Sep;41(9):1187-94. PubMed PMID: 10999558.