MedKoo Product Information:

 Fluorometholone acetate

Fluorometholone is a corticosteroid, most often used after laser-based refractive surgery. It is marketed under the brand names FML (Allergan) and Flarex (Alcon). Fluorometholone acetate ophthalmic suspension is indicated for use in the treatment of steroid responsive inflammatory conditions of the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the eye.

  1: Sohn S, Hur W, Choi YR, Chung YS, Ki CS, Kee C. Little evidence for association of the glaucoma gene MYOC with open-angle glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2010 May;94(5):639-42. PubMed PMID: 20447966.

2: Dib E, Rodrigues EB, Maia M, Meyer CH, Penha FM, Furlani Bde A, Costa Ede P, Farah ME. [Vital dyes in chromovitrectomy]. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2009 Nov-Dec;72(6):845-50. Review. Portuguese. PubMed PMID: 20098913.

3: Erdurmus M, Cohen EJ, Yildiz EH, Hammersmith KM, Laibson PR, Varssano D, Rapuano CJ. Steroid-induced intraocular pressure elevation or glaucoma after penetrating keratoplasty in patients with keratoconus or Fuchs dystrophy. Cornea. 2009 Aug;28(7):759-64. PubMed PMID: 19574912.

4: Shao B, Cui X, Yang Y, Zhang J, Wu Y. Validation of a solid-phase extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric method for the detection of 16 glucocorticoids in pig tissues. J AOAC Int. 2009 Mar-Apr;92(2):604-11. PubMed PMID: 19485221.

5: Borazan M, Karalezli A, Akova YA, Akman A, Kiyici H, Erbek SS. Efficacy of olopatadine HCI 0.1%, ketotifen fumarate 0.025%, epinastine HCI 0.05%, emedastine 0.05% and fluorometholone acetate 0.1% ophthalmic solutions for seasonal allergic conjunctivitis: a placebo-controlled environmental trial. Acta Ophthalmol. 2009 Aug;87(5):549-54. Epub 2008 Jul 9. PubMed PMID: 18631332.

6: Bernauer W, Thiel MA, Rentsch KM. Phosphate concentration in ophthalmic corticoid preparations. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2008 Jul;246(7):975-8. Epub 2008 Mar 21. PubMed PMID: 18357463.

7: Ramos-Esteban JC, Jeng BH. Posttraumatic Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infectious scleritis. Cornea. 2008 Feb;27(2):232-5. PubMed PMID: 18216585.

8: Szabó V, Borgulya G, Filkorn T, Majnik J, Bányász I, Nagy ZZ. The variant N363S of glucocorticoid receptor in steroid-induced ocular hypertension in Hungarian patients treated with photorefractive keratectomy. Mol Vis. 2007 Apr 27;13:659-66. PubMed PMID: 17563720; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2765477.

9: Rodrigues EB, Maia M, Meyer CH, Penha FM, Dib E, Farah ME. Vital dyes for chromovitrectomy. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2007 May;18(3):179-87. Review. PubMed PMID: 17435423.

10: Hata Y, Enaida H, Sassa Y, Ueno A, Miura M, Hisatomi T, Goto Y, Ishibashi T. Preclinical investigation of fluorometholone acetate as a potential new adjuvant during vitreous surgery. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2007 Jul;245(7):1019-25. Epub 2006 Dec 21. PubMed PMID: 17186258.

11: Samudre SS, Lattanzio FA Jr, Williams PB, Sheppard JD Jr. Comparison of topical steroids for acute anterior uveitis. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Dec;20(6):533-47. PubMed PMID: 15684812.

12: Taylor RL, Grebe SK, Singh RJ. Quantitative, highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for detection of synthetic corticosteroids. Clin Chem. 2004 Dec;50(12):2345-52. Epub 2004 Oct 14. PubMed PMID: 15486026.

13: Badalà F, Fioretto M, Macrì A. Effect of topical 0.1% indomethacin solution versus 0.1% fluorometholon acetate on ocular surface and pain control following laser subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK). Cornea. 2004 Aug;23(6):550-3. PubMed PMID: 15256991.

14: Trinavarat A, Atchaneeyasakul LO, Surachatkumtonekul T, Kosrirukvongs P. Comparison of topical prednisolone acetate, ketorolac tromethamine and fluorometholone acetate in reducing inflammation after phacoemulsification. J Med Assoc Thai. 2003 Feb;86(2):143-50. PubMed PMID: 12678152.

15: Deng Y, Wnag L, Liu C, Cai R. [Effects of Dexamethasone, Fluorometholone and Florex on intraocular pressure after photorefractive keratectomy]. Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 1999 Jun;30(2):205-7. Chinese. PubMed PMID: 12212061.

16: Hayasaka Y, Hayasaka S, Zhang XY, Nagaki Y. Effects of topical anti-inflammatory and antiallergic eyedrops on prostaglandin E2-induced aqueous flare elevation in pigmented rabbits. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002 Jul;120(7):950-3. PubMed PMID: 12096966.

17: Romanowski EG, Yates KA, Gordon YJ. Topical corticosteroids of limited potency promote adenovirus replication in the Ad5/NZW rabbit ocular model. Cornea. 2002 Apr;21(3):289-91. PubMed PMID: 11917178.

18: Dursun D, Kim MC, Solomon A, Pflugfelder SC. Treatment of recalcitrant recurrent corneal erosions with inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-9, doxycycline and corticosteroids. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001 Jul;132(1):8-13. PubMed PMID: 11438047.

19: Miyake K, Ota I, Ibaraki N, Akura J, Ichihashi S, Shibuya Y, Maekubo K, Miyake S. Enhanced disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier and the incidence of angiographic cystoid macular edema by topical timolol and its preservative in early postoperative pseudophakia. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001 Mar;119(3):387-94. PubMed PMID: 11231772.

20: Vetrugno M, Maino A, Quaranta GM, Cardia L. The effect of early steroid treatment after PRK on clinical and refractive outcomes. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2001 Feb;79(1):23-7. PubMed PMID: 11167281.

21: Vetrugno M, Quaranta GM, Maino A, Cardia L. A randomized, comparative study of fluorometholone 0.2% and fluorometholone 0.1% acetate after photorefractive keratectomy. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2000 Jan-Mar;10(1):39-45. PubMed PMID: 10744204.

22: Bhattacherjee P, Paterson CA, Spellman JM, Graff G, Yanni JM. Pharmacological validation of a feline model of steroid-induced ocular hypertension. Arch Ophthalmol. 1999 Mar;117(3):361-4. PubMed PMID: 10088814.

23: Okada Y, Koizumi K. Some properties and the inclusion behavior of three positional isomers of 6(1),6n-di-O-alpha-D-glucosyl-cyclomaltoheptaoses (beta-cyclodextrins). Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1998 Feb;46(2):319-23. PubMed PMID: 9501468.

24: Leibowitz HM, Bartlett JD, Rich R, McQuirter H, Stewart R, Assil K. Intraocular pressure-raising potential of 1.0% rimexolone in patients responding to corticosteroids. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996 Aug;114(8):933-7. PubMed PMID: 8694727.

25: Raizman M. Corticosteroid therapy of eye disease. Fifty years later. Arch Ophthalmol. 1996 Aug;114(8):1000-1. Review. PubMed PMID: 8694704.

26: Campos M, Abed HM, McDonnell PJ. Topical fluorometholone reduces stromal inflammation after photorefractive keratectomy. Ophthalmic Surg. 1993 Oct;24(10):654-7. PubMed PMID: 8259241.

27: Hopkins NK, Wagner CM, Brisson J, Addison TE. Validation of the simultaneous determination of methylprednisolone and methylprednisolone acetate in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr. 1992 May 20;577(1):87-93. PubMed PMID: 1400749.

28: Leibowitz HM, Ryan WJ Jr, Kupferman A. Comparative anti-inflammatory efficacy of topical corticosteroids with low glaucoma-inducing potential. Arch Ophthalmol. 1992 Jan;110(1):118-20. PubMed PMID: 1731703.

29: Richman JB, Tang-Liu DD. A corneal perfusion device for estimating ocular bioavailability in vitro. J Pharm Sci. 1990 Feb;79(2):153-7. PubMed PMID: 2324964.

30: McGhee CN, Watson DG, Midgley JM, Noble MJ, Dutton GN, Fern AI. Penetration of synthetic corticosteroids into human aqueous humour. Eye (Lond). 1990;4 ( Pt 3):526-30. PubMed PMID: 2209921.

31: Chang CT, Chen YL, Lee SH, Lue CM, Lin MT. The inhibition of prostaglandin E1-induced corneal neovascularization by steroid eye drops. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi. 1989 Jul;88(7):707-11. PubMed PMID: 2478658.

32: Schoenwald RD, Harris RG, Turner D, Knowles W, Chien DS. Ophthalmic bioequivalence of steroid/antibiotic combination formulations. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1987 Nov-Dec;8(6):527-48. PubMed PMID: 3427210.

33: Leibowitz HM, Hyndiuk RA, Lindsey C, Rosenthal AL. Fluorometholone acetate: clinical evaluation in the treatment of external ocular inflammation. Ann Ophthalmol. 1984 Dec;16(12):1110-5. PubMed PMID: 6398026.

34: Tokunaga H, Kimura T, Kawamura J. Determination of glucocorticoids by liquid chromatography. III. Application to ointments and a cream containing cortisone acetate, dexamethasone acetate, fluorometholone, and betamethasone valerate. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1984 Oct;32(10):4012-6. PubMed PMID: 6529797.

35: Stewart RH, Smith JP, Rosenthal AL. Ocular pressure response to fluorometholone acetate and dexamethasone sodium phosphate. Curr Eye Res. 1984 Jun;3(6):835-9. PubMed PMID: 6375979.

36: Lin MT, Eiferman RA, Wittliff JL. Demonstration of specific glucocorticoid binding sites in bovine cornea. Exp Eye Res. 1984 Apr;38(4):333-9. PubMed PMID: 6723810.

37: Southren AL, Dominguez MO, Gordon GG, Wenk EJ, Hernandez MR, Dunn MW, Weinstein BI. Nuclear translocation of the cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor in the iris-ciliary body and adjacent corneoscleral tissue of the rabbit following topical administration of various glucocorticoids. A rapid screening method for glucocorticoid activity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1983 Feb;24(2):147-52. PubMed PMID: 6336597.

38: Kupferman A, Berrospi AR, Leibowitz HM. Fluorometholone acetate. A new ophthalmic derivative of fluorometholone. Arch Ophthalmol. 1982 Apr;100(4):640-1. PubMed PMID: 7073584.

39: Srinivasan BD, Kulkarni PS. Polymorphonuclear leukocyte response. Inhibition following corneal epithelial denudation by steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Arch Ophthalmol. 1981 Jun;99(6):1085-9. PubMed PMID: 7236107.

40: Srinivasan BD, Kulkarni PS. The effect of steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents on corneal re-epithelialization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1981 May;20(5):688-91. PubMed PMID: 7216684.

41: Fleming JC, Reid FR, Wood TO. Prevention of immune graft rejection after corneal transplantation. Am J Ophthalmol. 1979 Jul;88(1):97-101. PubMed PMID: 380354.

42: Kupferman A, Leibowitz HM. Therapeutic effectiveness of fluorometholone in inflammatory keratitis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1975 Oct;93(10):1011-4. PubMed PMID: 1180749.

43: Hull DS, Hine JE, Edelhauser JF, Hyndiuk RA. Permeability of the isolated rabbit cornea to corticosteroids. Invest Ophthalmol. 1974 Jun;13(6):457-9. PubMed PMID: 4831698.

44: Goldenberg IS. Clinical trial of delta-1-testololactone (NSC 23759), medroxy progesterone acetate (NSC 26386) and oxylone acetate (NSC 47438) in advanced female mammary cancer. A report of the cooperative breast cancer group. Cancer. 1969 Jan;23(1):109-12. PubMed PMID: 4884063.

45: NEVINNY HB, HALL TC, DEDERICK M. OXYLONE ACETATE (NSC-47438) IN HORMONE-RESISTANT BREAST CANCER IN HUMANS. Cancer Chemother Rep. 1964 Jul;39:81-2. PubMed PMID: 14201281.